In which stage do learners begin to engage in more complex spoken and written language?

The Intermediate Fluency stage is characterized by learners developing a stronger command of the language, allowing them to produce more complex spoken and written language. At this point, they start using more varied vocabulary and sentence structures, along with incorporating more complex grammar. This stage reflects a significant transition from Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) to a deeper understanding and usage of the academic language needed for school settings.

Learners in this stage typically demonstrate greater confidence and fluidity in conversation, and they can engage in discussions on a wider range of topics. Their ability to comprehend and produce language is noticeably enhanced, enabling them to form longer, more detailed sentences and express ideas with more nuance.

In contrast, the other stages focus on developing foundational language skills, where the emphasis is on basic communication, vocabulary acquisition, and simple sentence formation. These earlier stages do not support the same level of complexity in speech and writing as seen in the Intermediate Fluency stage.