What are words or phrases used to connect ideas and strengthen arguments called?

The correct answer is transitions, as these are specific words or phrases that help to bridge ideas within a piece of writing. They serve to improve the flow of text and clarify relationships between different thoughts or arguments. Transitions guide readers through the progression of ideas, making it easier for them to follow the author's line of reasoning. Examples include words like "however," "therefore," "in addition," and "on the other hand," which signal shifts in thought, contrast, or support.

While conjunctions, another option, also connect words and phrases, they primarily function by linking individual elements such as clauses or sentences rather than focusing broadly on the overall progression of ideas and argumentation. Other terms like adapters or connectives, while related to connecting thoughts, don't specifically capture the nuanced role that transitions play in strengthening arguments and enhancing coherence in writing. Thus, transitions are the most accurate term for this function in language arts.