What literary element does an author use to control reader responses?

Tone is a critical literary element that authors use to shape and influence how readers perceive and respond to a text. It refers to the author's attitude toward the subject matter and can evoke specific emotions in the reader. Through variations in tone—such as being optimistic, sarcastic, somber, or enthusiastic—an author can guide the reader's emotional experience and reactions to the characters and events within the story.

For example, a light-hearted and humorous tone can invite readers to engage with a story playfully, while a serious or somber tone might provoke deeper reflection or empathy regarding the themes presented. By manipulating tone, authors can effectively communicate their intended message and create a more immersive reading experience. This is why tone is particularly powerful in controlling reader responses.